Azotobacter Sp.

 AZOTOBACTER 

                                      Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts and may produce large quantities of capsular slime.

    Azotobacter is able to convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, which in turn is taken up and utilized by the plants (Prajapati et al., 2008). Such bacteria are immensely resistant to oxygen during nitrogen fixation due to respiration protection of nitrogenase (Hakeem et al., 2016).

Azotobacter species are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria; in contrast to Rhizobium species, they normally fix molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere without symbiotic relations with plants, although some Azotobacter species are associated with plants.





Applications Of Azotobacter
Azotobacter Chroococcum
            The chroococcum is widely used in the realm of crop production. One study reveals a correlation between increased crop production and the presence of azotobacter chroococcum. The bacterium has also been proven to galvanize the growth of crops in polluted soils.
Media is used for Azotobacter
Azotobacter Agar (Mannitol) is recommended for isolation, cultivation and identification of mannitol positive Azotobacter species from soil. Suspend 41.4 grams in 1000 ml of distilled water. Heat to boiling to dissolve the medium completely. Sterilize by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 minutes.

Characteristics of the Azotobacter

  • The azotobacter fertilizer is proven to be highly efficient for plant health.

  • They are rod-shaped and Gram-negative in the Gram staining process.

  • The azotobacter moves by means of their flagellum, which is located at their end.

  • Some species of azotobacter produce a pigment that adds a yellow-green, red-violet, or brownish-black hue to the soil they are located in.

  • The size of the azotobacter is quite large as compared to other bacteria. The former is almost as big as a yeast cell.

  • The azotobacter can survive in harsh conditions via two mechanisms – the cyst and the slime.



Azotobacter Biofertilizer Uses

It is crucial to remember that azotobacter biofertilizer uses have shown that they are of tremendous help in ensuring plant health. The azotobacter is widely used in agriculture to increase soil fertility and stimulate plant growth. The presence of azotobacter is prominent in biofertilizers. They are also crucial in the manufacture of alginic acid that is renowned in medicine as an antacid. It is also essential to highlight that azotobacter is critical to the food industry as well.

In conclusion, we can safely assert that azotobacter is a crucial part of our environment and they are indispensable for nitrogen fixation and plant health. Microorganisms including azotobacter and rhizobium play a vital role in the development of flora and fauna on earth. We must recognize their roles and identify their importance. You can take a look at an azotobacter ppt to grasp more information on the subject. You can also learn the azotobacter biofertilizer production process in detail to know more about it.


Disease cause by Azotobacter 

          To our knowledge, Azotobactger species have not previously been recognized as causing human, animal, or plant disease. On the basis of the similarity of the organisms, other cases of Azotobacter keratitis may have been identified erroneously as Moraxella species.
Principle of Azotobacter
 Azotobacter is a genus of free-living diazotrophic bacteria which have the highest metabolic rate compared to any other microorganisms. Azotobacters have generated a good deal of interest in the scientific community because of their unique mode of metabolism, by which they can fix nitrogen aerobically.
Isolation of Azotobacter
One gram of soil was placed in a sterile test tube and suspended in 9 ml of distilled sterile water then thoroughly agitated. Serial dilutions were prepared up to 10−3 and an aliquot of 10 µl of each dilution spread on a plate containing Ashby's Nitrogen-free selective media 
Advantages of AzotobacterAzotobacters have been used as biofertilizer since more than a century. Azotobacters fix nitrogen aerobically, elaborate plant hormones, solubilize phosphates and also suppress phytopathogens or reduce their deleterious effect.
Trade Name For Azotobacter
PRODUCT : Containing strain of Azotobacter spp. TRADE NAME : Bioazoto and Bhoomi Rakshak. ACTIVE INGREDIENT : Dormant cell mass of Azotobacter spp.
Incubation Period of Azotobacter
Optimum temperature, pH and incubation period for growth of Azotobacter were 30ºC, 8.0 and 48hrs, respectively. The growth of Azotobacter was also studied with the supplementation of growth medium with different carbon and nitrogen sources.




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